{"id":961,"date":"2022-05-16T13:11:15","date_gmt":"2022-05-16T13:11:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/garciafraile.com\/?p=961"},"modified":"2022-06-14T11:10:17","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T11:10:17","slug":"carbonatacio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/garciafraile.com\/es\/2022\/05\/16\/carbonatacio\/","title":{"rendered":"Carbonataci\u00f3n del hormig\u00f3n. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es?"},"content":{"rendered":"

A menudo, cuando nos encontramos con grietas, fisuras o desprendimientos en una estructura de hormig\u00f3n armado, su causa es la carbonataci\u00f3n. Pero\u2026 \u00bfQu\u00e9 es esto de la carbonataci\u00f3n? \u00bfEs grave? Analic\u00e9moslo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En primer lugar, hay que decir que la carbonataci\u00f3n es un proceso natural. El hormig\u00f3n es una material de naturaleza porosa y que contiene hidr\u00f3xidos de calcio, de potasio y de sodio. La carbonataci\u00f3n se trata de una reacci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica que se produce cuando el hidr\u00f3xido de carbono reacciona con el di\u00f3xido de carbono y forma carbonato c\u00e1lcico insoluble: Can(OH)2 + CO\u2082 -> CaCO3 + H\u2082O<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dicho de otra manera, es un proceso que sucede al hormig\u00f3n en determinadas condiciones de humedad y porosidad, donde se produce una bajada del pH del propio hormig\u00f3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuando baja el pH del hormig\u00f3n (coeficiente que indica el grado de acidez o basicidad de una disoluci\u00f3n), tambi\u00e9n baja la alcalinidad y, por lo tanto, la capacidad de neutralizar \u00e1cido, el que se traduce en una menor resistencia enfrente el ataque de un \u00e1cido. Por lo tanto, a menor pH, menor es la capacidad del hormig\u00f3n para proteger las armaduras, pudiendo dar lugar a un proceso de oxidaci\u00f3n de las armaduras de acero.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es justamente esto el que tenemos que evitar: que las armaduras se oxiden, puesto que pueden perder la capacidad resistente y, a la vez, expandirse hasta romper el hormig\u00f3n que las recubre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Ejemplo de forjado con nivel avanzado de carbonataci\u00f3n.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

– \u00bfCu\u00e1l es el pH habitual del hormig\u00f3n?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El pH habitual del hormig\u00f3n para garantizar una buena protecci\u00f3n se encuentra entre 12,5 y 13,5<\/strong>. Con un pH inferior a 9 podr\u00edamos considerar que las armaduras se encuentran expuestas a posibles problemas de oxidaci\u00f3n, por el que habr\u00eda que plantear su rehabilitaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo podemos saber si sufrimos carbonataci\u00f3n?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Se puede realizar el test de fenolftale\u00edna<\/strong>. La fenolftale\u00edna es un indicador del pH de un elemento, de forma que podemos rociar el hormig\u00f3n para ver como reacciona. Si el pH es superior a 9, se vuelve de color rosado, de manera que podr\u00edamos determinar que el pH todav\u00eda es bastante alto. De lo contrario, si no cambia de color, quiere decir que el pH es inferior a 9, lo cual nos indicar\u00eda que el hormig\u00f3n sufre carbonataci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Ejemplo de test de fenolftale\u00edna in situ.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

– \u00bfCu\u00e1les son las principales causas de la carbonataci\u00f3n?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Las principales causas son:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Utilizaci\u00f3n de hormig\u00f3n de baja calidad, que resulta en una mayor porosidad, facilitando la penetraci\u00f3n del CO\u2082 y la reacci\u00f3n antes comentada.<\/li>
  2. Presencia de agua, puesto que esta reacci\u00f3n se da en presencia de humedad. La presencia continua de agua favorece la carbonataci\u00f3n.<\/li>
  3. Poco recubrimiento de hormig\u00f3n alrededor de las armaduras, que causa que la carbonataci\u00f3n afecte a las armaduras con mayor rapidez.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    - \u00bfC\u00f3mo actuar frente a la carbonataci\u00f3n?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    El primer paso es contactar con un t\u00e9cnico especializado en rehabilitaci\u00f3n de edificios. En Garc\u00eda-Fraile Arquitectura<\/a> hemos realizado muchas rehabilitaciones de este tipo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    En primer lugar, resultar\u00e1 preciso realizar un diagn\u00f3stico del estado de la estructura<\/strong>, para valorar la mejor forma de rehabilitarla. La actuaci\u00f3n depender\u00e1 de si la carbonataci\u00f3n ha llegado a oxidar la armadura de acero, afectando por lo tanto a su resistencia. En este caso, habr\u00eda que eliminar el \u00f3xido, pasivar la armadura existente y valorar su refuerzo. Resultar\u00e1 preciso, por lo tanto, redactar un proyecto t\u00e9cnico <\/strong>espec\u00edfico para cada caso. Cont\u00e1ctanos sin compromiso.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sovint, quan ens trobem amb esquerdes, fissures o despreniments en una estructura de formig\u00f3 armat, la seva causa \u00e9s la carbonataci\u00f3. Per\u00f2\u2026 Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s aix\u00f2 de la carbonataci\u00f3? \u00c9s greu? Analitzem-ho. En primer lloc, cal dir que la carbonataci\u00f3 \u00e9s un proc\u00e9s natural. El formig\u00f3 \u00e9s una material de naturalesa porosa i disposa d’hidr\u00f2xids de… Leer m\u00e1s »Carbonataci\u00f3n del hormig\u00f3n. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es?<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":963,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"[\"content\",\"tags\",\"comments\"]","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[31,13,12,98,100,99,101],"class_list":["post-961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arquitectura","tag-aluminosi","tag-arquitecte","tag-barcelona","tag-carbonatacio","tag-fenolftaleina","tag-formigo-armat","tag-oxidacio"],"yoast_head":"\nCarbonataci\u00f3 del formig\u00f3. 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